Pay Bill
Volunteer Fire Departments Face Dwindling Numbers, Aging Workforce
Story by Melanie Jones and Jen Calhoun
When a crisis strikes in a rural community, the first people on the scene are usually friends and neighbors who sacrifice their time and safety because they want to help, not to draw a paycheck. They put out the fires. They drive the rescue vehicles. They save lives.
According to the National Volunteer Fire Council, nearly 19,000 of the nation’s 29,452 fire departments are all-volunteer, and the number of volunteers has been shrinking. In 2020, the number of volunteer firefighters reached a record low. On top of that, more than half of those volunteers in smaller departments are aged 40 or older, and 34% are 50 and older.
That doesn’t mean older firefighters can’t get the job done, says Steve Hirsch, NVFC chairman. At 62, Steve is the training officer of the fire department in Sheridan County, Kansas. He recalls a man once asking him the age of the oldest firefighter in his department. He told the man 93. The man laughed and said, “No, I mean the age of your oldest firefighter who’s still responding to calls.” The man was shocked when Steve again replied, “93.”
“But you know, that was out of a station that might get 1 or 2 calls a year,” he said. “He’d grown up in that area his entire life. He knew where every hole and every gate was in his neighborhood. He wasn’t out there pulling a hose or doing the entry, but he was able to drive a pickup. It worked out nice.”
A Healthy Mix
Steve doesn’t believe older firefighters are a bad thing. He sees the importance of having all ages.
“We can’t let the fire department get all old,” he says. “Nothing wrong with a good mix. That’s pretty important. But we still have to have young people to get out there and do the work. Is there a safety factor in having everybody that’s older? Probably, because the older we get, the more likely we are to have heart attacks and other health issues.”
Depending on the state, county, or even the fire district, firefighters may not have to meet physical requirements. “A lot of places, they’re hard up enough for people that if you’ve got a pulse, you’re probably qualified,” Steve says.
Not all volunteer fire departments are having trouble recruiting younger volunteers, however. The Vincent Volunteer Fire Department in Owsley County, Kentucky, maintains a squad of 17 or 18 members between the ages of 25 and 55. That’s not too bad for a small, unincorporated community in a county of about 4,000 people.
“It’s hard to find younger people, because a lot of times, the tradition just doesn’t carry,” says Capt. Billy Long, who heads the department. “There’s just not a lot of involvement with it. But here lately, we’ve had a lot more involvement with the community. It’s been good this past 5, 6, 7 months.”
Benefits & Sacrifices
Billy, who is 41, understands the benefits and the difficulties of becoming a volunteer firefighter. On the 1 hand, the job is rewarding, especially in a small town like Vincent. “You get to know everybody,” he says. “Also, the involvement—it can open up other doors. I’ve been a volunteer firefighter since 2002, and I’ve also been an EMT for 12 to 13 years now.”
But it’s also a tough, time-consuming job. “I guess a lot of it is the time, the effort, the training,” Billy says. “You’ve got to attend training every year. It’s a lot of effort to do something without pay.”
Steve says his best recruitment tool is his existing firefighters. He also says his department is probably the only 1 in a multicounty region that has an aerial ladder. Park that on the street, and people start coming in. Being active on social media is a good way to recruit younger people, he says. But having a good attitude is a big part of it.
He hears a lot of negative comments about the younger generation, and how they’re always on their phones. “What I find is, most of the time, they’re checking to make sure that I know what I’m talking about, and that’s OK,” Steve says.
It’s important to keep recruiting, he says, because we can’t let the fire departments die.
“What is a community going to do when they don’t have a fire department?” he says. “That’s probably the newest, biggest building in that town of 80-some people. People use that fire station for all sorts of events in the community. A lot of our small towns have lost their school, they’ve lost their grocery store. A lot of them have lost their banks. Some of them don’t have cafes anymore. So the fire department becomes the glue that binds that community together. And, you know, you lose 1 more glob of glue, and pretty soon, things just fall apart.”